the quackometer

A criticism often levied at the quackometer is that it is very broad brush. Fair enough. It is often quite general in what it says, but it is only a bit a web script after all. The quackometer is intended to be a spring board into the exploration of health claims. Improvements in the new year should make this easier. However, the central premise behind the quackometer is that when someone uses words like 'vibration', 'energy' or 'quantum' in the context of a health claim, then almost invariably pseudoscience is being used. And, as the black duck would say,

...it is full of scientific jargon that is out of place and probably doesn't know the meaning of any of the terms.

So, is this a reasonable statement to make? Let's explore a recent example, picking up from my recent blog entry on Professor Dame Diana Mossop.

Quick Recap: The Mossop Philosophy is that she can make stronger and more effective homeopathy/Bach remedy pills by using flowers picked under a full moon and utilising copious amounts of vodka. This captures the 'vibrational energies' of the flowers so well that even viruses can be killed, allegedly.

So let's look at some of her science explanation behind this healing practice and see if it really is science and if she understands anything about what she is writing.

To start...

Light is vital for the survival of all forms of life force. Without light life cannot be sustained. Light varies in colour, depending upon the frequency and wavelength...

The last word of the first sentence is a bit of giveaway. Omit the word 'force' and you might stand a chance of defending this sentence (almost), but by invoking a 'life force', the Dame shows that she is a true believer in the élan vital, or the life essence, or cosmic soul. The life force is supposedly the non-physical essence that turns the inanimate into the animate. And of course it is completely unscientific. There is no evidence to suggest that such a thing exists at all. Science has been doing a perfectly good, parsimonious job of explaining life through chemistry. Julian Huxley compared the belief in the élan vital to believing that trains run by an élan locomotif.

Let's do Diana a favour and drop the last word and see if we can do any better. So, is light vital for the survival of all forms of life? Quick experiment. 1) Switch off room light. 2) Wait one minute 3) If the blog stops here, then you know the Prof is right. OK. Starting now...

... Right, I am back. No ill effects noted. I do this experiment most nights, so I am not too surprised. Then again, many creatures live in dark caves or at the bottom of the sea and never see any light. Bats navigate without light. Blind people cope very well. Maybe we are missing something here. All I can say is that the Prof is not very clear here.

Next, "Without light life cannot be sustained." Does the Dame mean that life is dependent on the energy gained during photosynthesis by plants? If so, why not say that? But even that is not true with discoveries of ecosystems at the bottom of the ocean where volcanic vents provide the energy source to drive the living systems there. So again, either wrong or just plain confused.

Light varies in colour. Well ,that is a very human centric view of light. Light has 'colour' in just that tiny strip from the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes are sensitive too. Outside of that strip we have the infrared, ultraviolet, radio, x-ray and gamma-ray regions. When we usually talk about light, it is just our (quite literally) narrow interpretation of electromagnetic radiation. That radiation is defined by its wavelength, or its frequency. Note, how Mossop says 'wavelength and frequency' betraying no knowledge of the mathematical relationship between the two. One or the other will suffice to define colour.

So, from the silly misunderstandings and howlers to the positively batshit:

When white light enters the body through the eyes it is split into the different frequencies of colour by the pineal gland which acts as a prism. This colour rainbow travels through the body, from the hot, low frequencies of infra red and red , which relate to the earth based, or chakra, parts of the body, to the cool, high frequencies of ultra violet and violet, which relate to the crown chakra of the mind and soul.

Now this gets a bit depressing. I would not mind, but supposedly serious health writers have told me to read about Mossop's work before denouncing it as quackery. Can a seriously educated person really believe that 'light enters the body through the eyes'? Did they not draw a diagram of the eye in biology classes with retinas and optic nerves? Do they think the inside of the head is glowing with light that came in through the eyes? Can they really believe that the pineal gland 'acts as a prism? I can't imagine its optical properties are any different from chopped liver. Has Mossop ever obtained a pineal gland, put it next to a glass prism and then compare and contrasted the results? I severely doubt it.

How does Mossop believe the different colours then travel through the body? Installed fibre-optic cable? Wouldn't these light beams be obvious when the body got opened up? And is she not aware that cooler objects glow red whereas hotter ones glow blue? Blue is a higher energy colour than red. Her lack of understanding of optics, physics and biology is staggering considering the gall she has in trotting out this nonsense.

The 'explanation' goes on to mention lots of stuff about vibrations and colours, all without cited evidence of course and with many more basic clangers. Read the stuff about proteins and weep.

The observation is then, that apparently educated people, who can write for newspapers and be considered health experts, can be taken in by this stuff. I would have thought that some basic high school science knowledge would be sufficient. Not all of us are fortunate enough to have a postgraduate science education. The quackometer recognises this and is really just using 'rules of thumb' to spot quacks. Can we not do this in everyday life too? Maybe people just don't believe me when I assert that using 'vibrations' in a health context is nonsense. After all, we would have to start talking real physics - not made up Mossop Physics.

Well, there are other ways of spotting quacks that are not just about use of language. The emerging badscience wiki lists a number of factors that one can look for based around the claims being made, the presented evidence and the character of the person making the claims.

Let's look at some of the badscience quackospotter checklist criteria and see how Mossop stacks up...

Claims

A wide range of ailments can be treated with the same product
Couched in vague terms, “detoxify” “re-balance”
Promise cures will be rapid, dramatic, free from side effects
Marketed to essentially healthy people
Emphasise risks of conventional medicine
Lack of direct claims of efficacy
Use of the terms "can help" or "will aid"

Well, from ridiculous claims about viruses to just general 'imbalance' phytobiophysics has a cure for you. 'Electrical rebalancing' is the vague term of choice. Having said that, the actual product selector does not list viral diseases, but just contains vague 'illnesses' such as fatigue and puberty(?). So, the claims made look like quackery. Claiming a product can treat a virus is obviously illegal unless it is a registered medicine. Quacks are often quite good at separating their wild healing fantasies from their actual product claims.

Evidence

The available evidence is - at best - contentious or controversial within the medical community.
Unpublished research
Dodgy tests (e.g. "hair analysis," etc)
Anecdotes or testimonials
Endorsement by celebrity, “scientist” or prominent CAM therapist.
That the treatment has been well recognised in other countries, or times.

The most hilarious claim made on the site is about having written seven unpublished books. Mossop uses a 'Galvanometer' to do her tests. Although I had no idea a galvanometer measured frequencies. I thought it measured electrical currents? As for anecdotes - yep, a supermodel and an athlete are used to show how damn effective these things are. No doubt Jodie March is fully trained to conduct medical trials and be careful to avoid placebo effects, wishful thinking, confirmation biases and other traps. African tribesmen, no less, taught Mossop about the healing properties of plants. No doubt the same people whose life expectancies are being severely shortened by the avoidable tragedy of HIV in Africa.

Character

Using titles that may be confused with mainstream ones, such as Dr or PhD, “Fellow of”, list of letters after name.
Dresses simple ideas up as complex / mysterious / requiring special knowledge (available to you for price of book) - baffling with bullshit rather than dazzling with clarity
Background in self help industry, or commerce, but not science.

Could Professor Dame Dianna Mossop really be trying to use her titles to make us think she is mainstream?

What is quite clear is that the Mossop Philosophy is nothing more than straightforward pseudo-science. It is a pantomime of science complete with its magical worlds, wishful thinking, stereotyped language and funny dames. But just as theatre critic would not mistake Jack-and-the-Beanstalk for real theatre, why should a health journalist mistake phytobiophysics for real medicine? A sports writer that thought quiddich needed to be covered on the back page would be thought to be insane, or had too many trebles. A financial journalist who puffed up fraudulent stocks would be imprisoned. A political hack who believed Blair about weapons of mass destruction.. Let's stop there.

The sad reality is that one way quackery thrives is by newspapers giving it uncritical column inches. It is not as simple as saying that journalists write this stuff because people want to read it, as I am sure is the case with the horoscopes. Conversations with several journalists now have convinced me that it is not just the usual cynical hack writing what the readers want to hear and buy. No, it is often the case that the health writers cannot tell their healthy arses from their diseased elbows. Their sub-editors are no better and just don't care Their readers end up confused about science, deluded by quackery and swindled by fraudsters.

It looks like there is very little understanding of common science terms from quack healer through to journalist. I feel like screaming at Diana Mossop, 'Just what is it that is vibrating in your vibrational medicine????'. The quackometer is quite justified in being broad brush about the use of jargon when confronted with such nonsense.

So, coming soon: the first annual quackometer awards, where I will announce the winners of the quackiest newspaper, quackiest article and quackiest journalist as discovered by the quackomter's automatic newspaper trawl. Can't wait.

Labels: journalists, newspapers, phytobiophysics, pseudoscience, quackometer

A big thanks to quackometer correspondent, a broadcaster, journalist and nutritional therapist, Suzi Grant for bringing me to the attention of the wonderful sounding healing technique of Phytobiophysics®. (please don't sue me...) This is a technique that is being promoted by the Institute of Phytobiophysics which follows the Mossop Philosophy through its products and courses. The Mossop philosophy is supposed to:

harnesses the vibration energy of plants to release energy blocks in the human body so that balance is re-established for all levels of consciousness; spiritual, emotional, mental and physical.

So far, just the usual pseudoscience, sounding a bit like a Bach Remedy. However, the Mossop Philosophy is based on the 'discoveries' of Professor Dame Diana Mossop. Wow. Regular quackometer followers will now just how much flaunted titles excite the little black duck. A Professor and a Dame! That has to be worth a little dig.

So before we inquire a little deeper, just what are the claims of Prof. Dame Mossop and the science of Phytobiophysics?

The Professor apparently suffered from malaria and did not respond well to real medicine as it was at the time. During some convalescence in the Far East and some 'organic nutrition', the Dame became convinced that illness was caused by 'unhappiness' and that plants provided the 'vibrations' to cure us. Much 'research' followed before Diana was able to bring forth her extensive range of healing flower products to the world.

The Dame now runs a web site selling flower essences, a bit like Bach Remedies, but somewhere (its a bit confusing) vodka is used rather than brandy and the flower vibrations are 'amplified' and not 'diluted, as in homeopathy'. One has to wonder just how much vodka is not reaching the manufacturing stage.

Now, flowers are nice, and I might not mind too much, but PDDM (I can't be bothered to type her full name all the time), claims that her pills (manufactured by a homeopathy factory, apparently) are much stronger than homeopathic pills (not hard) and bach remedies (for brandy lovers only) and can cure viral diseases. Oooh. Scary. Viral infections can be lethal and need proper medical care. We are are now getting into danger territory - the sort of territory that gives rise to HIV deniers and the bonkers thinking of some unfortunately misguided African politicians that will undoubtedly end in the deaths of millions of people unless some very clear thought is applied. Whilst I see nowhere on PDDM's web site to suggest that she is in this genocidal thought camp, claims for viral cures really do need to be backed up with sound evidence. The stakes are high. Who knows who will misuse this technique.

Anyway, the web site and her biography leave many questions unanswered. But for my correspondent, Suzi Grant, Prof Dame Mossop is someone I "might like to talk to ... before deciding it is also 'quackery'". Suzi is a journalist and so I would like to apply some journalistic techniques here. Basically, checking my facts, not taking anyone's word for it, and asking the obvious questions.

So, here are the questions I would like to ask the Professor Dame...

You claim to have been made a Dame in 1993 after being "honoured with a Knighthood by the International Order Knights of Malta of St John of Jerusalem for her contribution to medical research".

- So, you were not made a Dame by the Queen - the usual route? I can find no mention on the web of the International Knights' Order you talk of (is this organisation the same as the Knights Hospitaller?) and no mention of anyone else similarly honoured. Does this organisation exist? If they do, why their secrecy? Why are you allowed to talk about them and no-one else? Puzzling.

You claim to be a Professor, but I see in your biography no mention of any academic degrees.

- What subjects have you studied at postgraduate level? Who awarded your Professorship? To me it looks like the only organisation that could have done this is the 'Institution' you set up yourself to sell your products. Did you award the title to yourself? Most web retailers do not call their founder a Professor. Puzzling.

You claim that your 'Institution' is "affiliated to the Open International University for Complementary medicine". Looking at the Open International University web site, it would appear that the sole function of this organisation is to organise a shin dig for various complementary therapists once a year. This university would appear to have no students, no lecturers, no premises and no courses. Puzzling.

You claim your bizarrely unique Dameship is for your 'contribution to medical research' and yet nothing appears to be published on this. You claim to be "the author of seven unpublished books". Why are they unpublished? Why hold back your knowledge from the world if it really is so important? How did the da Vinci Code people who gave you your Dameship know you had made a contribution to medical research?
On that note, how do you yourself know what you claim to be true? What experiments have you done? Where have you published your papers, Professor? I can find no mention of Phytobiophysics® on pubmed. Surely, you are not telling me that Phytobiophysics® has no independently peer-reviewed and published work in respected medical journals? Puzzling.

You claim that "unlike bacteria, viruses are electrical in nature – they interfere with the electrical field forces of the body". Those are all words in a gramatically correct sentence, but they appear to make no sense. Are you aware of viral theory? In what possible sense are viruses 'electrical in nature'? This looks like classical pseudo-scientific gibberish and as the black duck would say, you don't appear to know the meaning of the words. Is the consensus and well established view of viruses being either fragments of DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein caspid wrong? A nobel prize becons if you are in any sense right. Puzzling.

Why do the flowers have to be picked at the full moon? So you can see? Why not take a torch? Or even do it during daylight? What if it is cloudy? Deeply puzzled.

I could go on. But the depth of ridiculousness is far too much for one blog. Next time perhaps...

I will end on an odd observation. Diana Mossop (I shall drop the titles for now until I get my answers) claims to have helped supermodel Jodie Kidd through a bit of a crisis. Great. Good Stuff. But didn't my last suspect Professor, the Distinguished Provost of the Royal College of Alternative Medicine, Professor Joseph Chikelue Obi also have thing about supermodels, only this time Kate Moss?

What is it with supermodels? I must investigate...

Labels: homeopathy, phytobiophysics, quacks, qualifications, titles