Quack Word #12: 'Organic'
Friday, August 25, 2006
There, I have got that off my chest, but unfortunately I now feel like I have just admitted to being a child murderer, a racist or even a supporter of George Bush's foreign policy.
Let me explain...
The word organic is now synonymous with everything good, healthy and caring. To be against organic is to be seen to be almost evil. Organic food has huge sections devoted to it in our supermarkets, and its not just food - our shampoos, clothing and beer can all be marketed as 'organic'.
What does the word mean? Its original meaning was a scientific one. The chemistry of carbon-based molecules is described as organic chemistry. As such organic chemistry is the chemistry of life. In this definition, everything alive, and everything we eat, drink or wear (as long as it is natural fibres) is organic. In science, all apples are organic. Indeed all crops are organic. But that is not what the supermarkets mean when the flog us expensive 'organic' veg.
In this context, organic is used to denote crops that have been grown according to certain standards. Those standards are certified by the Soil Association. This body was set up in the forties by a group of people who wanted to turn away from the growing industrialisation of agriculture which they saw as damaging in various ways, environmentally, bodily and spiritually. Their philosophy had been heavily influenced by Rudolph Steiner who had a lot of mystical beliefs about the nature of soil. The basis of the philosophy was that farming should make use of local materials and maximise the use of manures and local grown animal feeds. Other beliefs involved planting at certain phases of the moon and encouraging 'elemental forces' into animals and seeking the help of 'non-physical beings'.
Now it does not really matter if some of the more unhinged ideas were clearly batshit. The Soil Association has continued with the ideas about using manure rather than fertiliser, limited pesticides and limited drugs. The reason for this is so that we have healthier food, more sustainable farming and other benefits like better tasting food and less impact on wildlife.
Great. But the big question is to ask if this is actually true. What evidence is there that organic farming is healthier, tastier, more environmentally friendly and more sustainable?
Now the Quackometer Project is about exposing exaggerated health claims and so I would like to focus on the health claims for organic farming methods. Dick Tavern in his excellent book, The March of Unreason – science, democracy and the new fundamentalism, devotes a chapter to exposing the myths of organic methods and points out things like:
- Tests conducted by independent consumer organisations show that people cannot taste the difference between organic and non-organic foods.
- The rules for pesticides and fungicides use have no 'rhyme or reason'. Older, more damaging chemicals like copper sulphate are allowed, but more modern and specific ones are not.
- If most farming became organic then we would have returned to a time when crops were vulnerable to large scale blights, high labour costs were required and low yields the norm. The poorest in the world would suffer enormously.
- Low yield crops need more land and that is damaging to the environment with more forest clearing and less land set aside.
So what about health? The main issue tends to focus on the 'evils' of pesticide residues. The problem here is that although pesticides can harm in large doses, there is no evidence that they harm at the minute quantities left on foods. As Dick Tavern points out in his book,
In fact every mouthful of food contains some poison, as does every sip of water. Carcinogenic' substances are routinely consumed by all of us in the form of natural chemicals made by plants to repel predators, but at amounts so low they do not harm us. ... There are some dioxons in every breath of air we take
It's all in the dose. Only homeopathists believe that insignificant doses have huge effects. Sir John Krebbs in Nature noted that a cup of [even organic] coffee contains natural carcinogens equal to a year's ingestion of synthetic carcinogenic substances found in the diet. Part of the problem is that our analytical measurement techniques can spot the tiniest traces of substances. But just because we can detect something does not mean that we need worry about it. Plants produce their own natural pesticides and we consume far more of that than the trace residues of the artificial stuff sprayed on. Concern about pesticide residue is just a modern phobia with no basis in evidence.
If there is little basis in fact for the claims made by the organic movement then it looks like the word organic is just one more advertising word used to push expensive, unnecessary products on us. Furthermore, and more damning, by focusing on organic production, our society pays less attention to farming methods and technology advances that really could improve health, protect wildlife and ensure a consistent quality and quantity of food supply. Rather than securing our health, the illogical worship of the word 'organic' could be damaging us all.
As such, I have no reservation in including the word 'organic' in the Quackometer Project. Promoting food that is grown according to 'organic' principles because it is supposed to be healthier for us is just one more form of quackery.
Labels: organic quackery, Quack Words
posted by Le Canard Noir at
12:00 PM
9 Comments:
Good article, thanks. One typo though, in the last sentence, it should read "one more fORm of quackery.
Ta!
Since I've been holding off on doing a Doggerel entry on "Organic," can I borrow yours? Would copy/paste with minimal commentary on my part.
I'd give you credit, of course, and link back here.
"Tests conducted by independent consumer organisations show that people cannot taste the difference between organic and non-organic foods."
... Do you have a cite for that?
'... Do you have a cite for that?'
The bullets are a very quick summary of Dick Tavern's book which has an excellent chapter on Organic food.
He cites a number of sources including:
Basker D, 1992, ‘Comparison of taste quality between organically and conventionally grown fruits and vegetables’, American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7(3), p 129–136
Hansen H, 1981, ‘Comparison of chemical composition and taste of biodynamically and conventionally grown vegetables’, Qualitas
Plantarum – Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 30(3/4), p 203–211
*Some* organic foods at Tesco do taste better - to me anyway- but that is more likely to with the variety than anything else. On the other hand their organic beef is not as good as the Scottish beef. The label "organic" seems irrelevent. I bet you can grow a tasteless hydroponic pepper to organic standards...
I just want tasty food reared or grown with condsideration to welfare and/or environment.
Nice belief. Unfortunately not proven out by fact or science.
good article organics is all nonsense
my personal favourite organic product is a brand of organic cigarettes that a friend of mine insists on smoking. They're better for you apparently as they have fewer chemicals in them. *Ahem*
But please don't fall into the trap of quackery yourself... or at least being less specific in your ideas than is ideal. You say that there is no evidence that organic food is better or tastier. But is that becasue there is a lack of research? My hunch would say yes, as I understand how difficult it is to get impartial funding for medical or biological research outside of cancer, heart disease etc etc.
Leaving aside the specific organic vs non-organic debate, it does seem to be true that there is a general belief that 'Natural' always equals 'better for you'. On the basis of the purely chemical structure of natural vs man-made substances, theoretically there should be no difference.
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